氮肥用量对绿豆品种皖科绿3号农艺性状及氮肥利用率的影响

为了研究氮肥用量对绿豆品种皖科绿3号产量的影响,设计4种氮肥水平（0、30、60、90kg/hm ²）,对不同处理中植株地上部干物质积累、叶绿素含量、单株荚数、产量等性状进行分析。试验结果表明：增施氮肥有助于提高干物质积累和叶绿素含量,尤其在苗期和开花期可使绿豆保持较高的叶绿素含量。根瘤数量、鲜重和干重随着氮肥施用量的增加表现出先增加后减小的趋势。株高、分枝数随着施氮量的增加而增加。氮肥水平对单株荚数、产量和氮肥农学利用率的影响效果相似,随着氮肥水平的升高,这3种性状表现为先增加后减小的趋势,在60kg/hm ²的氮肥处理达最大值。该结果同时也表明氮肥主要通过单株荚数影响绿豆产量。氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量的增加显著下降。试验结果表明施用适量氮肥可提高绿豆的增产潜力,皖科绿3号在安徽省地区种植的适宜氮肥施用量为60kg/hm ²。     

利用高巧(60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂)防治小豆蚜虫效果研究

[目的]探讨小豆蚜虫防治新技术,比较研究种衣剂拌种的防治效果。[方法]选用高巧(60%吡虫啉悬浮种衣剂)进行播前拌种试验,采用50 mL水分别加入高巧2、4、6、8 mL拌种1.0kg的处理方法,播种后比较其出苗率及幼苗的发育情况、蚜虫防治效果、小豆百粒重、产量及增产率。[结果]高巧拌种不会影响小豆出苗,可有效防治小豆蚜虫,但防效随时间延长而降低。防效保持在85%以上,可显著提高小豆百粒重和产量。[结论]该技术可在小豆生产中进行推广应用。     

Management of Bemisia tabaci biotype B with botanical and mineral oils

While the toxic effects of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, on Bemisia tabaci Genn. are well documented, few studies have evaluated other oils. We compared neem, sesame, citrus, castor, vegetable and mineral oils (1% v/v) to a chemical standard thiamethoxam (0.17 g A.I./L) against B. tabaci biotype B life stages on dry bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris L. under screenhouse conditions. Oils and thiamethoxam exhibited low ovicidal activity (<10% egg mortality). However, significant mortality occurred due to the residual activity to 1st instars that emerged from treated eggs. Overall, impacts of egg treatments were greatest for thiamethoxam (77% total mortality for eggs and 1st instars) compared with oils which were statistically similar (22–29% mortality). Larvicidal effect of oils (against 2nd instars) was greater than ovicidal effects. Highest nymphal mortality (>81%) was achieved with castor, sesame, citrus and neem oils, which was significantly greater than for thiamethoxam (65% mortality). Adult whiteflies were exposed to fresh and aged spray residues, rather than being sprayed directly. In this case, comparatively lower efficacy was achieved from oil treatments compared with thiamethoxam. While some mortality was observed from fresh residues of slow drying oils (up to 41% for castor oil), no significant control from any oil residues >3 days old was observed in our tests. The different route of exposure against adults likely reduced the effectiveness of oil treatments which act directly on the cuticle. In trials with viruliferous adult whiteflies exposed to fresh residues, none of the tested products completely prevented transmission of bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). However, we noted reduced virus severity ratings from plants pre-treated with castor and citrus oil. We conclude that castor, sesame, citrus and neem oils have the potential to be used in whitefly management programs.     

菜豆抗锈育种的抗源筛选和抗病基因分析

通过对国内外引进的162个品种的田间自然发病调查和苗期接种鉴定,筛选出抗病型品种37个,中抗型21个,中感型60个,感病型44个.抗锈型品种中大多数是从国外引进且多属于矮生类型,其中少数矮生品种可直接用于生产,其余品种虽园艺性状不佳、但仍可作为蔓生菜豆育种的抗源亲本.抗病基因分析结果表明,抗锈性受一对基因控制且为显性.F_2代抗与感分离,经x~2测定完全符合3:1比例.本文对抗锈育种目标、苗期接种鉴定方法及用纯系小种作基因分析等进行了讨论.     

Pyramiding genes for resistance to bean common mosaic virus

Summary Gene pyramiding in Phaseolus vulgaris is being utilized to develop more effective resistance to the temperature-insensitive-necrosis-inducing (TINI) strains of Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) present in the USA. Our data indicate that contrary to previous work, the bc-3 gene is effective against these strains in the absence of the strain unspecific bc-u gene in genotypes possessing the I gene. The epistatic bc-3 gene interferes with traditional efforts to pyramid the other recessive resistance genes by masking their activity. Indirect selection based on markers linked to the other recessive resistance genes would likewise be ineffective without the ability to also select for the bc-u gene which is required for expression of the bc-2 ² gene in germplasm carrying the I gene. Because the most resistant genotype (I, bc-u, bc-I ², bc-2², bc-3) can only be introduced into a wide range of germplasm through the use of molecular markers linked to the different resistance genes, the search for a marker linked to the strain unspecific bc-u gene should also be given priority.     

Phylogeny and nodulation signal molecule of rhizobial populations able to nodulate common beans—other than the predominant species Rhizobium etli—present in soils from the northwest of Argentina

We examined the bean rhizobia community other than the predominant species Rhizobium etli present in soils of a region that is part of the range occupied by the host in Northwest Argentina, which showed Rep and 16S rDNA RFLP polymorphism. Two populations represented by isolates T29N3L and T44N22P were found to be distinct chromosomal genotypes and closely related to species Rhizobium tropici and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Their symbiotic genes were analyzed and found to cluster with those from R. tropici as well as with rhizobia isolated from leguminous trees. Three nodulation metabolites produced by T44N22P were detected which are tetra- and pentameric chitocompounds, N-methylated, O-carbamoylated, and N-substituted either by a C_18:0 or C_18:1 acyl chain at their non-reducing end, and all them sulphated at the reducing end. Isolates T29N3L and T44N22P exhibited broad host range but unlike T29N3L, only T44N22P was able to efficiently nodulate Medicago truncatula.     

DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性及微生物功能多样性的影响

选用肥熟旱耕人为土(黄棕壤),设置了在土壤中施加100 mg kg-1 DEHP与不施加DEHP两个水平,盆栽试验研究了DEHP对土壤脱氢酶活性以及土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,以及植物在污染土壤中的修复作用。结果表明,施加DEHP显著抑制了土壤脱氢酶活性,30 d时与对照相比降低了约30%, 第60 d时尽管有缓慢的回升,但仍明显低于对照(p<0.05)。从BIOLOG反应的结果可以看出,DEHP也显著影响土壤微生物的功能多样性,土壤微生物群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数、McIntosh指数和均度均显著低于无污染的对照,说明DEHP的污染导致了土壤微生物群落功能多样性的下降。种植植物对土壤脱氢酶和微生物活性有很明显的促进作用,并且在一定程度上缓解了DEHP的毒害作用,但并未消除DEHP对土壤微生物的影响。     

新乡市无公害食品菜豆（四季豆）生产技术规程

根据新乡市无公害食品菜豆（四季豆）种植、管理、收获生产实际,确定了新乡市无公害食品菜豆（四季豆）生产技术规程。     

天然提取物对珙桐茎诱导愈伤组织的影响

[目的]筛选诱导珙桐茎愈伤组织的最佳培养基,为建立悬浮细胞系以及大规模繁殖珙桐提供前期技术基础。[方法]采集5年生以下珙桐的嫩枝条幼嫩茎为外植体,环割后接种在改良MS培养基上,培养基设25个处理,分别添加浓度为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mg/L的NAA,浓度为0、10、20、30、40 mg/L的豆芽汁和浓度为0、5、10、15、20 mg/L的番茄汁。[结果]天然提取物和植物生长调节剂对珙桐茎诱导愈伤组织都有影响,其影响程度是NAA>豆芽汁>番茄汁。改良MS培养基添加30 mg/L豆芽汁+20 mg/L番茄汁+0.4 mg/LNAA是诱导珙桐茎愈伤组织的最佳培养基,诱导出的愈伤组织质量好,出愈率高达98%。[结论]添加天然提取物可诱导出质量好的珙桐茎愈伤组织,这与豆芽汁和番茄汁含有丰富的维生素B和维生素C有关。     

四棱豆开花特性的曲线方程配置研究

对四棱豆停止开花前的株高生长曲线进行了拟合,并对株高生长与开花数目变化进行了比较分析,采用logistic非线性生长模型对四棱豆开花特性进行了曲线方程配置.结果表明:曲线方程拟合度为0.990,能很好地体现四棱豆开花和生长特性,根据曲线方程计算得开花数目增加的拐点时间为出苗后的第99天,拐点花数目为70朵.